As an academic medical institution, SIU School of Medicine has been sharing information for National Birth Defects Awareness Month within our community. Here are some helpful things to know about birth defects and how our providers can assist you and your family. 1. Birth defects are surprisingly common. Birth defects are structural changes that are present at birth and can affect one or many parts of the body, including the heart, spine, brain and mouth. The most common types of birth defects include spina bifida, cleft lip and palate, and congenital heart defects. According to the U.S